|
The Miami Nation of Indiana (also known as the Miami Nation of Indians of the State of Indiana) is a group of individuals who identify as Miami and have organized as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. The group's headquarters are at Peru, Indiana. The Indiana Miami, or eastern Miami, received federal recognition as a tribal group in a treaty made on 5 June 1854; however, its federal recognition was terminated in 1897. In 1980 the Indiana legislature, who recognized the eastern Miami, voted in support of federal recognition.〔 The United States Congress has consistently refused to authorize federal recognition of the Indiana Miami as a tribal group separate from the western Miami, which is known as the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma. On 26 July 1993 federal judge Robert Miller ruled that the federal government, who recognized the Indiana Miami in 1854, did not have the authority to terminate their status in 1897; however, he also ruled that the statute of limitations had expired to appeal. In 2002 the U.S. Supreme Court refused to review the Indiana Miami's subsequent appeals. In 2011 the Indiana legislature introduced a bill to formally grant state tribal recognition to the Miami Nation of Indians of the State of Indiana. Opposition is associated with those who oppose Native American gaming casinos. The bill would also confirm the group’s sole authority to determine tribal membership. The bill died in committee. == Organization == In 1846, when some of the Miami people living in Indiana removed to reservation lands west of the Mississippi River, the tribe split into two groups. The eastern group became known as the Miami Nation of Indians of the State of Indiana; the western group became the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma. The United States government has recognized the western group's tribal government since 1846. The Indiana Miami were recognized by the federal government as a tribal group in a treaty made on 5 June 1854; however, its federal recognition was terminated in 1897. The divide between the two groups continues to exist. Subsequent migration between the two areas has made it difficult to track tribal affiliations and further complicated the Miami's history and governing authority.〔Rafert, p. xxv.〕 On 30 September 1937 the Miami Nation of Indians of the State of Indiana was established as a 501c(3) non-profit charitable organization in Indiana. The Indiana Miami's tribal organization and government, headquarters at Peru, Indiana, are independent from the western tribe, but it lacks federal recognition as a separate tribal group.〔〔Rafert, p. xxv and 224.〕 The eastern group has an elected government that is led by an executive committee. Brian J. Buchanan is the Chief of the Miami Nation of Indians of the State of Indiana. Tribal enrollment is based on lineal descent, and applicants must be biologically connected to a current tribal member or to someone listed on the tribal rolls from 1854, 1889, or 1895. The Miami Tribe of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe with headquarters in Miami, Oklahoma, has an estimated membership of 4,800, about 500 of them live in Indiana.〔 In January 2015 the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma announced its intention to open a cultural resources extension office in May 2015 in Fort Wayne, Indiana, to provide historic preservation consulting services and cultural programming to serve its members in Indiana.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Miami Nation of Indiana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|